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Meeting Report
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Within the Asia-Pacific region, there is a new appreciation for the value of
multilateral security discussions to supplement traditional bilateral relations.
Asian cooperation already occurs in the economic sphere through APEC; it began
in the security sphere in the post-ministerial conference (PMC) of ASEAN and is
assuming a concrete form through the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). This leaves one
major gap in the developing network of multilateral fora for discussion of
security and other issues in Northeast Asia.
Since July 1993, IGCC has conducted the Northeast Asia Cooperation Dialogue,
which brings together, in an unofficial setting, participants from the six major
countries in the region: China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Russia, and the
United States. On 16–17 May 1994, IGCC and the National Institute for Research
Advancement co-hosted the second meeting in Tokyo, Japan.
National perspectives on Northeast Asian security, opinions about measures to
improve a sense of confidence, specific confidence-building measures (CBMs), and
future meeting agendas were discussed, based in part on pre-prepared background
papers. Participants included private researchers, Ministries of Foreign Affairs
and Defense policy-level officials, and uniformed defense officers from each
country. All government officials and military personnel participated in their
private capacities.
Participants came to a common agreement regarding the need for mutual
reassurance among the nations of this region. Military CBMs were felt to be too
narrow a concept for Northeast Asia,
especially since they carry a strong connotation of European institutions and
experiences that might not be applicable there. Instead, mutual reassurance
measures (MRMs), designed to promote a base of mutual confidence and reassurance
encompassing both military CBMs and broader measures, were felt to be
better suited to the region.
Unfortunately, North Korean representatives did not attend this meeting,
although they did send a supportive note. All participants agreed that Korean
peninsula issues are the most important security concerns in the region and
that multilateral security dialogues have real potential to address such issues.
The participation of North Korea, which attended the founding organizational
meeting in July 1993, is indispensable to make NEACD effective. The
leading issue for future meetings is how to integrate North Korea into the
Dialogue as soon as possible.
A unanimous understanding was reached concerning the desirability of
continuing the process, and the next Dialogue is tentatively schedule for early
spring 1994. Conference papers are available as IGCC Policy Paper 9.
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Agenda
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Monday, 16 May
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| MORNING |
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| 9:00-12:00 |
National Perspectives on Northeast Asian Security |
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China, Republic of Korea, Russia, United States, Japan, and Democratic People's Republic of Korea |
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| 12:00-1:00 |
Lunch |
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| 1:00-4:00 |
Measures for Enhancing a Mutual State of Security |
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1) What needs to be done to promote regional cooperation in Northeast Asia. |
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2) How to think about a broader definition of CBMs, especially the inclusion of economic issues, and how to put this broader definition into practice (including transparency?). |
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Tuesday, 17 May
| 9:00-12:00 |
Military Confidence Building Measures |
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1) Crisis Prevention Centers |
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2) Maritime CBMs |
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| 12:00-1:00 |
Lunch |
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| 1:00-3:00 |
Military Confidence Building Measures (continued) |
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3) Nuclear CBMs |
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4) Land-Based CBMs |
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| 3:00-4:30 |
Conclusion and Plans for Future Dialogue Meetings |
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| (The Chairperson will rotate for each session among the participating countries, other than Japan) |
Participant List
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Mr. Guan Dengming
Counselor, Asia Dept.
Min. of Foreign Affairs
People's Republic of China
Commander Guan Youfei
Staff for Arms Control and Disarmament
Min. of National Defense
Professor Liu Liping
Deputy Director
Division for Int'l Exchange
China Inst. for Contemporary Int'l Relations
Professor Ji Guoxing
Director, Asian-Pacific Dept.
Shanghai Inst. for Int'l Studies
Mr. Nogami Yoshiji
Deputy Director General
Foreign Policy Bureau
Min. of Foreign Affairs, Japan
Mr. Yamazaki Shinshiro
Director Second Defense Intelligence Division
Bureau of Defense AgencyJapan Defense Agency
Col. Yamaguchi Noboru
Joint Staff Office, Chief of Arms Control Section
J5 Japan Defense Agency
Professor Sato Seizaburo
Keio University
Mr. Morimoto Satoshi
Senior Researcher
Center for Policy Research
NRI Nomura Research Inst., Ltd.
Dr. Cha Young-koo
Director, Arms Control Research Centre
Korea Inst. for Defense Analyses, Republic of Korea
Mr. Song Young-Oh
Senior Coordinator for Policy Planning
Min. of Foreign Affairs
Maj. Gen. Kim Yong-Koo
Director, Arms Control Office
Min. of National Defense
Brig. Gen. Park Sung-Boo
Deputy Director of C5
Combined Forces Command
Prof. Ahn Byung Joon
Dept. of Political Science
Yonsei U.
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Dr. Lee Chung Min
Fellow, The Sejong Inst.
Dr. Choi Kang
Associate Research
FellowArms Control Research Centre
Korea Inst. for Defense Analyses
Mr. Vassili Dobrovolski
Deputy Director, Second Asia Dept.Min.
of Foreign Affairs, Russia
Lieut. Gen. D.K. Kharchenko
Chief of the Int'l Legal Dept. General
Staff of the Armed Forces
Maj. Gen. A.N. Lukianov
Deputy Chief of the Int'l Legal Dept.
General Staff of the Armed Forces
Dr. Alexander Savelyev
Vice President Inst. for National Security and
Strategic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences
Dr. Konstantin O. Sarkisov
Head of Center for Japanese Studies
Vice Director, Inst. of Oriental Studies
Russian Academy of Sciences
Amb. Peter Tomsen
Principal, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State
Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs US Dept. of State
Maj. Gen. Arthur C. Blades
Deputy Commander, Chief Of Staff US Forces In Japan
United States Marine Corps Yokota Air Force Base, Japan
Prof. Robert Scalapino
Robson Research Professor of Government Emeritus
Inst. of East Asian Studies UC Berkeley
Prof. Susan L. Shirk
Director, IGCC
Univ. of Calif. San Diego
Dr. Arian Pregenzer
Physicist/Monitoring Analyst
Sandia National Laboratories
Mr. Ernest C. Downs
Dep. Dir. for Regional Affairs and Congressional Relations
Office of the Secretary of Defense Asian and Pacific Affairs
U.S. Defense Ministry |
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Observers
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Mr. Suh Chung Ha
First Secretary, Political Affairs Division
Embassy of the Republic of Korea |
Mr. Timothy Betts
First Secretary, Political Section
Embassy of the US in Tokyo |
Dr. Edward T. Fei
Director, Office of Nonproliferation Policy
US Dept. of Energy |
Robert Kaneda
Second Secretary, Political Section
Embassy of the US in Tokyo |
Mr. Andlei Yefimov
Counselor, Embassy of the Russian Federation in Tokyo
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